An anal fissure is a tear in the mucous membrane at the opening of the rectum. The condition can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.
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An anal fissure is a tear in the mucous membrane at the opening of the rectum. It is a common condition, and the tear is most often located at the back of the rectal opening.
An anal fissure most often occurs when the mucous membrane is damaged by hard stools due to constipation. It can also occur as a result of diarrhea, after childbirth, or following surgery for hemorrhoids. Spasms in the internal sphincter muscle can reduce blood flow to the area, which may slow down the healing of the tear.
Treatment usually consists of several steps. First, measures are recommended to prevent hard stools, including a high-fiber diet, plenty of fluids, exercise, and, if necessary, a laxative. In addition, treatment with a cream that relaxes the sphincter muscle may be appropriate.
If symptoms do not improve, treatment with Botox injections into the sphincter muscle or surgery may be considered. During surgery, the wound is debrided, or a small portion of the internal sphincter muscle is divided. Most anal fissures heal with nonsurgical treatment, but in some cases, symptoms may recur, especially if there is a continued tendency toward constipation.
This structure follows the example of the pilonidal cyst: first, an explanation of the condition, followed by a section on when and how it is treated—without adding any information that is not included in the patient information.
Before treatment
An anal fissure is usually treated in stages. Before surgery, it may be advisable to try a high-fiber diet, plenty of fluids, exercise, and possibly a laxative to prevent hard stools. In addition, treatment with a cream that relaxes the sphincter muscle may be part of the treatment plan.
If surgery becomes necessary
If symptoms do not improve with non-surgical treatment, Botox injections into the sphincter muscle or surgery may be considered. During surgery, the wound is debrided, or a small portion of the internal sphincter muscle is divided.
After the treatment
Most anal fissures heal with non-surgical treatment. In some people, the symptoms may return, especially if they continue to be prone to constipation. It is therefore important to continue taking steps to prevent hard stools.
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